The genus contains about 40 known species, most of which are narrow endemics to parts of madagascar with some widespread. Oeceoclades maculata wikispecies, free species directory. Oeceoclades maculata, sometimes known as the monk orchid or african spotted orchid, is a terrestrial orchid species in the genus oeceoclades that is native to tropical africa and now naturalized in south and central america, the caribbean, and florida in north america. This terrestrial orchid has an uncertain origin, probably native from west tropical africa.
One of the most aggressive orchids is oeceoclades maculata, a terrestrial species with remarkable ecological amplitude. It produces a very short rhizomatous stem that is covered with secondary stems that are expanded to form below ground, rounded pseudobulbs up to 6 cm in length. Oeceoclades maculata, angraecum monophyllum family. Eulophidium maculatum, was first discovered in florida by dr. Oeceoclades maculata plant growing on the forest floor in puerto rico luquillo. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Oeceoclades maculata roots were collected throughout puerto rico, and the degree of mycorrhizal colonization was measured. Oeceoclades maculata, a fastspreading newcomer to florida the tropical species ground orchid, oeceoclades maculata syn.
Oeceoclades maculata ufifas center for aquatic and. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 8020 with original publication details. Oeceoclades maculata grows among leaf detritus and rocks. This map is incomplete and is based only on current site and county level reports made by experts and records obtained from usda plants database. Fruit set was 48% in an insectexclusion experiment, which shows that o. Greek oikeios, of a household latin oeceos, and latin clades, destruction, possibly alluding to breaking up of existing classification roger l. Part of its success may be attributed to its pollination biology. It is related to eulophia and like that genus is mostly terrestrial in habit. Oeceoclades maculata ar en orkideart som forst beskrevs av john lindley, och fick sitt nu gallande namn av john lindley. In puerto rico, it was first noticed in forests in the 1960s ackerman, 1995 and in hispanola in 1975. Plants from four locations in soconusco, chiapas, mexico were selected. Hammer herbs, terrestrial rarely on rocks or epiphytic, erect.
Oeceoclades may very well be one of the easiest orchids to grow indoorsand the hybridized varieties are even tougher. Multiflowered inflorescences held erect above mottled leaves which form a ragged rosette on th eground. Oeceoclades maculata has amphistomatous leaves, with smooth and a thin to slightly thickened cuticle, a singlelayered epidermis, a low density of small stomata maculata is native to africa. Presented here is summary information about the species oeceoclades maculata from the global compendium of weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed. Oeceoclades maculata in world checklist of selected plant families. Oeceoclades maculata ufifas assessment university of. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. It was first noticed in florida in miamidade county in 1974 austin. No pollinators were observed during 3 flowering seasons 1982, 1983 and 1985. In brazil, the species is widespread and occurs in several types of vegetation e. All the photos are from plants that have appeared on my property in the florida keys.
A few species extend into very arid environments, unusual for an orchid. Oeceoclades maculata, the african spotted orchid, is native to africa and madagascar and is now found throughout the neotropics, making it one of the most successful invasive plants. Oeceoclades maculata oeamaoverview eppo global database. This neotropical species has been rapidly expanding its range in the last few decades. The flowers are fairly small one above taken with a loop on a digital camera in macro but the flower is wonderful. Oeceoclades maculata is a medium sized orchid, with ovoid. Browse pictures and read growth cultivation information about species, natural hybrid orchid, monk orchid, spotted oeceoclades oeceoclades maculata supplied by member gardeners in the plantfile. It certainly has its origins in western africa, but some time made the journey we assume by natural means to the tropical americas, where it has been known from brazil since. Here, 192, which is 56 % of the total population sampled, were counted. A note on free radical formation in biologically occurring quinones. Maire, and other fungi taxa of the genera ceratobasidium d.
The board of trustees of the royal botanic gardens, kew. Oeceoclades in world checklist of selected plant families. Eddmaps distribution this map is incomplete and is based only on current site and county level reports made by experts, herbaria, and literature. It has nonfragrant flowers that appear in the late summer and fall on a basal, erect, to 12 long, racemose, laxly 12 or more flowered and needs even watering and fertilizer year round.
About about europe pmc funders joining europe pmc governance roadmap outreach. Biotic versus abiotic pollination in oeceoclades maculata. Currently, this species is found throughout the neotropics, making it one of the most successful invasive plants stern, 1988 and it is included in the world compendium of weeds randall, 2012. Pollination, fruit set, and seed production in the orchid. Pale apple green sepals and petals, lip white with rose pink markings on each side. Monk orchid, lawn orchid, ground orchid, african spotted orchid.
The stem is modified into a pseudobulb, often concealed by overlapping, fibrous sheaths with leathery, dark green patterned leaves. Genetic variability within and among populations of an. This species is considered nonnative to the neotropics, though its type specimen is from brazil. Oeceoclades maculata, an alien tropical orchid in a caribbean rainforest annals of botany 104.
The anatomy of the vegetative organs, peduncle and seeds of o. Oeceoclades maculata in kew science plants of the world online. The best description is that the plant looks similar to a butterfly oncidium psychopsis with. Pdf oeceoclades maculata is the most successful invasive orchid in the neotropics. Oeceoclades maculata has a terrestrial habit and grows well either in dry or in humid environments, generally occurring in disturbed areas ackerman 1995. Orchidaceae monk orchid, african spotted orchid origin.
Pdf oeceoclades maculata, an alien tropical orchid in a. Oeceoclades maculata was the most abundant of three orchid species surveyed and was found in all four historical cover classes. Robert grimm while leading a group of botany students through matheson hammock dade. Oeceoclades maculata is the most successful invasive orchid in the neotropics. It was first described by the english botanist john lindley as angraecum maculatum in 1821 based on a specimen collected from. Of recent introduction to the french antilles and florida, it is a species with invasive behaviour. It is unclear exactly how this plant arrived in florida, and many theories are offered.
The tropical species ground orchid, oeceoclades maculata syn. Definitions of terms are available in the gcw introduction. The flower spike that came with the oeceoclades maculata when we got it is finally in bloom. Oeceoclades maculata selffertilising mode of reproduction is a factor that assists its spread. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Anatomy of the invasive orchid oeceoclades maculata. Species collector orchids oeceoclades species collector orchids view hot growing orchids 65f to 90f. Click here for full growing information from the orchid internet species photo encyclopedia or oispe by jay pfahl.
Robert grimm while leading a group of botany students through matheson. Photo of the bloom of monk orchid oeceoclades maculata. Oeceoclades maculata information from the global compendium. Species, natural hybrid orchid, monk orchid, spotted oeceoclades. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Species, natural hybrid orchid, monk orchid, spotted. Oeceoclades maculata lindley lindley is an invasive orchid ackerman, 2007. Robert grimm while leading a group of botany students through matheson hammock dade county in 1974 hammer, 1981. Oeceoclades maculata is a naturalized, invasive, terrestrial orchid in puerto rico and elsewhere in the neotropics. Foi proposto por john lindley, publicado em edwardss botanical register 18. In fact, it is abundant in environments with moderate disturbance levels cohen and ackerman 2009. Oeceoclades is a genus of terrestrial, rarely epiphytic, orchids ranging from africa and madagascar, the west indies and tropical america. Pdf anatomy of the invasive orchid oeceoclades maculata. We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank.
These are primarily included because names of species rank are. Oeceoclades maculata is a species that has a certain plasticity when it comes to establishing mycorrhizal associations, including reports of associations with epulorhiza repens bernard moore, psathyrella candolleana fr. Oeceoclades maculata ground orchid this plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. This genus is native to africa, the seychelles, madagascar, and.
The plant list includes 55 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus oeceoclades. The plant list includes a further 1 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus oeceoclades. Oeceoclades maculata flower, frontal view, showing the nectary entrance arrow. Spatiotemporal dynamics of the invasive orchid oeceoclades.
Note the two maculae on the lip that act as nectar guides. Oeceoclades in kew science plants of the world online. It certainly has its origins in western africa, but some time made the journey we assume by natural means to the tropical americas, where it has been known from brazil since at least the mid1800s, as well as parts of the caribbean. We are seeking expert input from land managers and scientists to complete our evaluation of this species. Oeceoclades maculata, an alien tropical orchid in a caribbean. Oeceoclades maculata, an alien tropical orchid in a. Oeceoclades maculata is a terrestrial orchid which probably originated in africa. Plants profile for oeceoclades maculata monk orchid. Oeceoclades, collectively known as the monk orchids, is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, orchidaceae. B parenchyma with free, collateral vascular bundles. Your input is what allows the ufifas assessment to provide reliable, informed recommendations for the use of nonnative plant species in the state of florida. In cover class 3 5080 % forest cover in 1936, 192 of 343 plants were found at a density of 048 plants per 5.
Natural fruit set in 2 puerto rican populations was 4761%. Monk orchid, african spotted orchid oeceoclades maculata plant in situ. General information about oeceoclades maculata oeama eppo global database. Discovered in florida in 1974, this orchid is rapidly colonizing new habitats in the central and southern portion of the state. Monk orchid, african spotted orchid oeceoclades maculata. Oeceoclades saundersiana native distribution areas reference. Native to africa, it has an immense range in tropical africa, latin america and the caribbean beckner, 1964. Oeceoclades maculata is present in all four canopy cover classes, but it is most abundant in cover class 3 fig. Monk orchid, african spotted orchid oeceoclades maculata flower. Oeceoclades maculata, a fastspreading newcomer to florida. Mature plant of oeceoclades maculata with flowers and fruits. However, it is a volunteer plant from argentina to florida, living under a large range of soil types, prefering light shaded places and moderate moisturehumidity. Oeceoclades maculata is a terrestrial orchid species that is native to tropical africa and now naturalized in south and central america, the caribbean, and florida in north america.